Hard drives were made in 1950. The first hard drive was made of 20 inches, the largest hard drive was only a few megabytes in size. It was originally called "fixed disks" and "Winchesters". And later known as hard drive. Hard drives have a hard platter that holds magnetic energy.




This is no different from a normal level, hard drive CD cassette, tape cassette. Hard drives and tape cassettes use the same magnetic recording. The magnetic storage functions of drives and tape cassettes are: - Easily delete, remember, and retain data for many years 

Lace Cassette V / S Hard Drive: -

  • The magnetic recording material of the tape cassette is wrapped in thin plastic. But the hard drive's magnetic recording material layer is clearly attached to the glass. 
  • It takes a while for the tape to move from one end of the cassette to the other. Immediately within the hard drive. 
  • The tape cassette has to be touched directly to the machine to read or write. No need to touch the hard drive directly. 
  • Hard drive data is stored in much smaller magnetic domains than tape tape cassettes . 

Hard drive is very different, it is a modern hard drive. Information can be kept in a small place. 

Capacity and performance: -

Typical desktop machines will have a hard drive capacity of 10 and 40 gigabytes . Here the information will be saved as a file. Files are bytes on the hard drive . Bytes can be ASCII code of any text . When the computer directs the hard drive for a program, the hard drive finds the bytes and sends them to the  CPU. 

There are two ways to measure the performance of a hard disk: -

  • Data rate: Data rate is the number of bytes the hard drive sends to the CPU per second . Hard drives typically send 5 to 40 megabytes per second . 
  • Seek time: Seek time is the time when the CPU sends the first data to the hard drive . Data Seek time 10 to 20 milliseconds.

Another important parameter is the drive capacity, which can contain a number of bytes.

Inner electronics board:

The easiest way to understand how a hard drive works is to open it. The hard drive is an aluminum box attached to one side of the controller electronics board. Electronics controls the process of reading and writing and the platters by turning the motor. Electronics convert the magnetic domains of the drive into bytes (readings), and bytes convert the magnetic domains into (writing). The electronics are on a small board to keep them separate from the rest of the drive.


Inside, the following board: -

At the bottom of the board is the connection of the motor that drives the platters, as well as a high-filtered hole that controls the inside and outside air pressure. Removing the cover from the drive is a very easy task but must be done very carefully and correctly. 

  • Platters: These usually ride 3,600 to 7,200 times per minute during the work of the drive. These platters are made for amazing endurance and near-smoothness. 
  • Arm: It holds the title of reading and writing and is controlled by the above process. Able to move the head from the arm hub to the end of the drive. The arm and its movement are extremely light and fast. A typical hard-drive can move from hub to edge and back up to 50 times per second - it’s an amazing thing to watch. 

Inner Platters and Heads: -

Most hard disks have multiple platters to increase the amount of data that the drive can store. A Platters has two Heads. 

Most hard drives use the "voice coil" method. 

How to store information: -

Data is stored in sectors and tracks on the surface of the plotter. A sector contains a certain number of bytes - for example, 256 or 512 ither are fields joined together at either drive or operating system level.

The process of low-level formatting the drive places tracks and sectors on the platter. The start and end points of each sector are written on the platter. This process prepares the drive to hold the byte block. Then write high-level formatting file-storage structures in sectors like file-allocation tables. This process prepares the drive to hold the file.